THE PLACE OF SEED FARMING OF OIL-BEARING CROPS IN THE SYSTEM OF FOOD SUPPLY IN RUSSIA

DOI 10.32651/2010-54

Issue № 10, 2020, article № 10, pages 54-61

Section: Agrofood market

Language: Russian

Original language title: МЕСТО СЕМЕНОВОДСТВА МАСЛИЧНЫХ КУЛЬТУР В СИСТЕМЕ ПРОДОВОЛЬСТВЕННОГО ОБЕСПЕЧЕНИЯ РОССИИ

Keywords: SEED PRODUCTION, SELECTION, OILSEEDS, SUNFLOWER, SOYBEAN, RAPESEED, YIELD, ANALYSIS, SOWN AREA, MEAL, OIL

Abstract: One of the main tasks in the Russian food supply system is the introduction of highly productive seeds of oilseeds, reducing the level of dependence on foreign selection varieties. Oilseeds in Russia account for about 15‰ of the total acreage. In the country, the dominant oilseeds are three: sunflower, soy and rapeseed. Agricultural producers, when choosing seeds for sowing, focus on varieties that allow them to get a higher yield. Therefore, if there are more high-yielding seeds of foreign varieties on the market, the seeds of domestic selection fall into the background. Analysis of the quality of sunflower, soy and rapeseed seeds shows that they contain from 20 to 60 ‰ fat and serve as raw materials for the production of vegetable oil, which has a nutritional value, used in the baking, confectionery, and canning industries. Oilseed meal is a valuable concentrated feed, rich in protein and fat, used by animals. According to the gross production of types of edible vegetable oils in the world, soy is in first place, sunflower is in second place, then rapeseed. In Russia in 2019, the total production of oilseeds: sunflower, soy and rapeseed amounted to 22.8 million tons and the utilization of processing capacities of plants is 80‰.

Authors: Lukomets Artem Viacheslavovich