WHETHER WAS AN ALTERNATIVE OF STALIN COLLECTIVIZATION?

Issue № 9, 2016, article № 3, pages 15-25

Section: Historical sketches

Language: Russian

Original language title: БЫЛА ЛИ АЛЬТЕРНАТИВА СТАЛИНСКОЙ КОЛЛЕКТИВИЗАЦИИ?

Keywords: COLLECTIVIZATION, STALIN STAGE, ALTERNATIVE, TRANSFORMATION, VICTIMS

Abstract: In article the attempt to estimate consequences of a Stalin stage of development of the country is made: whether collectivization was unprecedented positive social transformation or a negative stage of history whether there was violent collectivization accompanied with the enormous victims of the population of the country necessary and the subsequent industrialization, uncontested from the point of view of carrying out. The research of the historical background showed that inability of a Stalin management of different ways to provide regular public procurements of grain in necessary amounts was a basic reason of speeding up of collectivization in comparison with decisions of the XV congress of the All-Union Communist Party (bolsheviks). The provided data on gross collection and public procurements of grain in 1921-1937 confirm that collectivization provided the accelerated receipt of commodity grain by the state on 10-11 million tons with the subsequent small increase in production. For the long period the issue of creation of the guaranteed food fund and resources for export was resolved. Losses of the population during this period constituted from 10 to 20 million people by different estimates. The conclusion, as without speeding up of collectivization is drawn, on the basis of the gradual and voluntary cooperation of the peasantry offered by V. I. Lenin the possibility of the accelerated growth in production and the state procurements of grain, and thereby and the accelerated development of the state industry remained. At the same time in connection with smaller costs for investments for newly created kolkhozes it shouldn't reduce amounts of capital investments in heavy and defence industry. Nature of thinking and extremely ideologized approach to the solution of economic and political tasks of the country leaders of that period prevented it.

Authors: Epshtein David Berkovich